Записите во каталогот се прикажани на јазикот на самата единица и не се преведуваат.
Податоци за единицата
- Сигнатура
- M 843.7 BAL
- Автор
- Honoré de Balzac
- Издавач
- Kultura, Skopje
- Година на издавање
- 1951
- Формат
- Тврда корица
- Тема
- Литература
- Опис
- p. 57
- Белешки
- Les Paysans is an unfinished novel written in 1844 by Honoré de Balzac. It was published posthumously in 1855 by his widow Évelyne de Balzac, who arranged the end of the existing text to give it the appearance of a completed narrative. A former general, son of a Parisian cabinetmaker but made famous by his exploits at the Battle of Essling and made Count of Montcornet by Napoleon, acquired in Burgundy Castle des Aigues and the lands that surround it, near the small sub-prefecture (imaginary) of La Ville-aux-Fayes. Enticed old aristocracy (he married a Troisville and dreams of being a peer of France), the count would like, to please his wife, to reconnect with the pomp before the Revolution by ruling on a large area prosperous and well managed, counting on it for his military authority. The intruder is going to see the whole country society mingling against him, from the rural notables who are even more rapacious than the bourgeois of the big cities, to the most miserable tenants, who keep stealing it shamelessly. From this trial of strength, the Count de Montcornet will come out broken. Guard Michaud, his only true believer, is murdered. The murderer is protected by the law of silence. The count himself is threatened with death. He sells Aigues. The estate will be fragmented, the castle demolished. As it has come down to us, this big novel hardly represents the introduction (the third, a small half at best) of the work that Balzac had in mind. In his dedication to PSB Gavault, his solicitor, the author claims to have "for eight years, a hundred times left, a hundred times taken back this book, the most considerable of those which I resolved to write" and to express the idea central: in the peasantry ("this Robespierre with one head and twenty million arms"), the Revolution has awakened forces that will eventually devour those who were the initiators and the first beneficiaries, the bourgeois. The name "Ville-aux-Fayes" evokes that of the village of Villers-la-Faye, in Côte-d'Or. However, Balzac presents La Ville-aux-Fayes as a sub-prefecture located "about fifty leagues from Paris, at the beginning of Burgundy", and specifies that the landscape is dominated by the first heights of the Morvan: these indications correspond precisely to the city of Avallon. In this book, Balzac's portrayal of the peasants is a remarkable darkness: brutal and alcoholic beings, without morality, almost completely dechristianized, but calculating and vindictive. The contrast is clear with Le Médecin de campagne (1833), where Balzac depicted them as crude and ignorant but perfectible. This pessimistic position, revealing Balzac's conservative turning point "throne and altar" towards the end of his career, collides with the then dominant tendency of romantic literature to idealize the rural world, particularly with George Sand's first country novels ( nevertheless a friend of Balzac), in the wake of Rousseauism. At the end of the peasants, Emile Blondet, contemplating the decline of the castle of Aigues and his park transformed into miserable agricultural hamlet, exclaims: "Here is the progress! This is a page of the Social Contract of Jean-Jacques! " The populist historian Jules Michelet was scandalized by this presentation. It appears, however, that Balzac was quite well informed about the social conflicts in the rural areas of the Yonne where the novel unfolds: this department seems to have been, under the July monarchy, the setting of a "guerrilla" between peasants and large landowners, marked by numerous arson attacks and murders of forest guards1.