Front Matter

Greek occupied Macedonia (1913-1989)

By Stoian Kiselinovski

(Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov)

Greek occupied Macedonia (1913-1989)

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January 24, 2018

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE..........................................................................................6 CHAPTER ONE - NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY (1900 - 1913).....................8 1. BULGARIAN STATISTICS ON THE NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA...............................................................................9 2. SERBIAN STATISTICS ON THE NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA ......................................................................................................12 3. GREEK STATISTICS ON THE NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA ......................................................................................................14 CHAPTER TWO - CHANGING THE ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA (1913-1928)......................................................................................20 1. THE BALKAN WARS AND THE FIRST POPULATION EXPULSION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA .............22 2. THE NEUILLY CONVENTION AND THE SO-CALLED “VOLUNTARY” EXCHANGE OF POPULATIONS BETWEEN GREECE AND BULGARIA.......................................................24 3. THE LAUSANNE PEACE TREATY AND EXCHANGE OF POPULATIONS BETWEEN GREECE AND TURKEY...........29 4. ETHNIC AND POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA AFTER THE GREAT GREEK COLONIZATION........................................................................35 A) ETHNIC CONSEQUENCES.................................................35 B) ETHNIC CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE (1913-1940)..............................37 C) POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES ...........................................39 D) ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES...........................................41 CHAPTER THREE - NATIONAL SUBJUGATION AND RESISTANCE OF THE MACEDONIAN PEOPLE IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA (1913-1940).......................................45 1. NATIONAL SUBJUGATION OF THE MACEDONIAN PEOPLE (1913-1940)..................................................................45 A) APPEARANCE OF DUALISM IN THE MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE ...............................................................................51

2. THE MACEDONIAN PEOPLE’S RESISTANCE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THEIR MACEDONIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY (1913-1940)..............................................................53 CHAPTER FOUR – THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GREECE AND THE MACEDONIAN NATIONAL QUESTION (1918-1940) ..........................................................................................................57 1. COMINTERN POLICY AND THE MACEDONIAN NATIONAL QUESTION IN EUROPE......................................57 2. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GREECE AND ITS POLICY OF - “NO STATE, NO NATION” - (1918-1924).......................59 A) THE SOCIALIST WORKERS’ PARTY OF GREECE AND ITS ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE UNRESOLVED NATIONAL AND TERRITORIAL ISSUES....................................................61 B) THE SOCIALIST WORKERS’ PARTY OF GREECE AND ITS ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE UNRESOLVED NATIONAL AND TERRITORIAL ISSUES IN THE DODECANES ISLANDS AND CYPRUS...........................................................63 C) THE SOCIALIST WORKERS’ PARTY OF GREECE AND ITS ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE SO-CALLED GREEK MINORITY IN SOUTHERN ALBANIA...................................64 D) THE SOCIALIST WORKERS’ PARTY OF GREECE AND ITS ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE MACEDONIAN NATIONAL QUESTION..................................................................................65 3. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GREECE AND ITS POLICY OF “STATE WITHOUT A NATION” (1924-1931)...................67 A) THE CPG’S POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CRISIS AND THE MACEDONIAN NATIONAL QUESTION.............71 B) THE MACEDONIAN NATIONAL QUESTION AND THE STAGNATION OF THE GREEK WORKING MOVEMENT IN THE PERIOD FROM 1923 TO 1931..........................................78 Government problems..................................................................79 The Agrarian Question.................................................................81 The Macedonian National Question.............................................82 Existence of the Macedonian nation............................................83 4. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GREECE AND ITS POLICY OF “NATION WITHOUT A STATE” (1935-1940)...................88 5. REAL MOTIVES FOR CHANGING THE POLICY FOR A UNITED AND INDEPENDENT MACEDONIA.......................97 А) EXTERNAL FACTORS ........................................................97 B) INTERNAL FACTORS..........................................................99

Attracting the Greek people en masse........................................100 “Disarming” the Greek bourgeoisie...........................................104 Getting around the internal political crises and controversy over the Macedonian National Question............................................107 The CPG’s real attitude towards the Macedonian National Question.....................................................................................114 Presence of the “Megali Idea” (Greater Greece)........................116 Existence of the Macedonian nation..........................................118 6. THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN GREECE AND THE MACEDONIAN NATIONAL QUESTION DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR..........................................................121 CHAPTER FIVE – THE MACEDONIAN PEOPLE IN THE NATIONAL LIBERATION WAR (1940-1949)...........................126 1. MACEDONIANS IN THE NATIONAL LIBERATION WAR (1941-1945)................................................................................127 2. MACEDONIANS IN THE GREEK CIVIL WAR (1946-1949) ....................................................................................................134 CHAPTER SIX - MACEDONIANS AFTER THE GREEK CIVIL WAR (1949-1989) .........................................................................142 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LITERATURE.......................................150