NOTES

NOTES:

1 Σινθήκη Ειρήνης µεταξύ των Συµµάχον δυνάµεων και της Βουλγαρίας µετά του προσθέτου πρωτοκόλου, υπογραφείσα εν Νεϊγύ τη 14-27 Νοεµβρίου 1919. Εν Αθήναις 1919; Д-р Б. Д. Кесяковъ, Приносъ към дипломатическата история, Vol. I and II, София 1926; A History of the Macedonian People. Vol. II, Skopje, 1969, pp. 376-8. A small area of Macedonia remained within the framework of the new Albanian state. Part of the territory of Mala Prespa and further south, with a total of 14 villages which from 1913 to 1923 were within the framework of the Greek state, was attached to this area in 1923. Those villages were: Vernik, Zagradec, Vidova, Kapešnica and Trstenik which, up to then, had belonged to the district of Kostur (Kastoria), and Globočani, Gorna and Dolna Gorica, Tumenec, Cerje, Šulin, Pustec, Leska and Zrnovsko which used to belong to the district of Lerin (Edessa).

2 A History of the Macedonian People. Vol. III, pp. 7 & 170; Οικνοµικός και Κοινωνικός Άτλας της Ελλάδος, Αθήναι 1964, p. 204; Πληθυσµός του Βασιλείου της Ελλάδος κατά την απογραφήν της 19ης ∆εκεµβρίου 1920. Πραγµατικός πλιηθυσµός, Αθήναι 1921. Greek statistics do not always show the same figures with reference to Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia’s area. This is due to the frequent administrative changes whereby some of the inhabited places bordering on Epirus and Thessaly, such as Densko (Aetomilica), Leptokarija and others sometimes administratively belonged to Macedonia and at others to Epirus or Thessaly. By a decree of the Greek government of 21 November 1923, published in the Government Bulletin No. 349 of 3 December 1923, more than 20 villages in the Drama district were set apart and attached to the newly-established Thracian district of Ksanti. These villages belonged to the then municipalities of Eni Koy, Kozludja and Sarnic and covered a total area of over 300 km².

3 Οικονοµικός και Κοινωνικός Άτλας της Ελλάδος, Αθήναι 1964, p. 204; Πληθυσµός του Βασιλείου της Ελλάδος κατά την απογραφήν της 19ης ∆εκεµβριου 1920. Πραγµατικός πλιηθυσµός, Αθήναι 1921.

4 Απαρίθµησις των κατοίκων των Νέων Επαρχιών της Ελλάδος του έτους 1913, Αθήναι 1916.

5 Васил Кънчов, Македония, Етнография и статистика, София 1900; Todor Simovski, The Balkan Wars and Their Repercussions on the Ethnic Situation in Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia, Institute of National History Bulletin, Yr. XVI, No. 3, Skopje, 1972, p. 62.

6 Bucharest Peace, Belgrade, 1914; Petar Stojanov, Ph.D., Macedonia During the Period of the Balkan Wars and the First World War (1912-18), Skopje, 1969, pp. 58-63.

7 Survey of the Balkans. Aнкета на Балканите, Докладъ на Карнегиевата комисия по войните праз 1912-1913 година, Sofia, 1914, pp. 2 & 137.

8 Survey of the Balkans, p. 132.

9 Survey of the Balkans, pp. 10-29; Д-ръ Л. Милетичъ, Гръцките жестокости въ Македония през гръцко-българската война, Sofia, 1913, pp. 39-41 & 57-73.

10 Survey of the Balkans, p. 185; list - table of the refugee population in Bulgaria according to age and place of origin from 1924. The list belongs to the Moloff Collection kept in the Vasil Kolarov National Library in Sofia. A photocopy exists in the author’s personal archives.

11 Survey of the Balkans. p. 184.

12 Ibid. p. 81.

13 Survey of the Balkans; Archive of Macedonia, Macedonian National Committee Collection, Sofia. In this collection there are extremely extensive records relating to this problem.

14 Général Sarrai1, Mon Commandement en Orient (1916-18), Paris, 1920, Annexes; ∆ιπλωµατικά έγγραφα 1913-1917. Ελληνικοσερβική συνθήκη συµµαχίας – Εισβολή Γερµανοβουλγάρων εις Μακεδονίαν, Αθήναις 1919, p. 88-93.

15 State Archive of Serbia, Belgrade, Refugee Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Governmental Commissions.

16 Ibid.

17 Ibid.

18 Ibid.

19 Ετατιστικά αποτελέσµατα της απογραφής του πληθυσµού της Ελλάδος της 15-16 Μαϊόυ 1928. IV. Lieu de Naissance - Religion et Langujetion, Αθήναις 1935. IV lieu de Naissance, Religion et Langue, Athenes, 1935. According to these statistics, in the census of 1928, persons born in Yugoslavia accounted for a total number of 15,504 in the whole of Greece, while in Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia alone there were 13,038. Considering that in the preceding period some of them had died and their descendents were not registered since they were born in the place of settlement, it is clear that their number would have been slightly higher than that officially registered in 1928.

20 List - table from the Moloff Collection previously quoted.

21 Ibid

22 Ibid. With reference to the tragedy and the consequences suffered by Macedonian emigrants from the regions bordering on Bulgaria, particularly from Dojran and Gevgelija, there is rich documentary evidence in the above-mentioned Collection of the Macedonian National Committee in Sofia, held in the Atchive of Macedonia. See also Vlado Kartov, Gevgelija and the Gevgelija Region from the Balkan Wars to the Liberation (1912-44), Skopje, 1969, pp. 51 & 56 and Mito Temenugov-Železni, Dojran and the Dojran Area in the Past and Today, Skopje, 1972, pp. 230-4.

23 List - table from the Moloff Collection previously quoted.

24 Στατιστικά αποτελέσµατα της απογραφής του πληθυσµού της Ελλάδος της 15 - 16 Μαϊόυ 1928. I. Πραγµατικός καί νόµιµος πληθυσµός, πρόσφυγες, Αθήναις 1935, p. 438-444. According to

these statistics, the exact number of immigrants into Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia was 101,748.

25 A large number of Patriarchist Macedonians, influenced by the Greater Greece propaganda, moved to Greece during the Balkan Wars and the First World War, only to be confronted by the truth that they were not and could not be Greeks as they had thought they might, and returned to their homes after the normalisation of the situation. Such cases were most numerous among Macedonians from Strumica and its surroundings, and from Gevgelija, Dojran and Bitola and their surroundings. (From the author’s personal survey.)

26 List - table from the Moloff Collection previously quoted.

27 This Convention, entitled “Convention between Bulgaria and Greece on the Mutual and Voluntary Emigration of Minorities” was published in the gazettes of the time in both Greece and Bulgaria. The entire text of the Convention was published in Wurfbain Andre, Dr. Sci. Polit., L’échange Greco-Bulgare des minorites ethniques, Lausanne-Geneve-Neuchatel-Vevey-Montreux-Berne-Bale, 1930 under the title Convention entre la Grèce et la Bulgarie relative a l’émigration reciproque, signée à Neuille-sur-Siene le 27 novembre 1919, pp. 183-7. The Convention contained 11 articles and was signed by the Prime Minister of Greece, Eleftherios Venizelos, and the Greek Foreign Minister Nikolaos Politis for the one side and the Bulgarian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Aleksandar Stamboliski for the other.

28 Above-quoted work by Wurfbain, pp. 45-6. See also, Jacques Frou Dupard, La protection de minorites, Paris, 1922, p. 215.

29 Ibid., p. 178.

30 On the insistence of Greece, Turkey agreed that the Greek Patriarchate, and the Greek population in Constantinople, should not be subject to the compulsory exchange in compliance with the Lausanne Convention, hoping that there would be an opportunity in the future to take over the Straits and Constantinople. Greece, in return, agreed that the Moslem population in Western Thrace should also not be subject to the compulsory exchange, intimately hoping

that, under favourable historical circumstances, it would be able to regain this area. See the Lausanne Convention on the compulsory exchange of 24 July 1923.)

31 Στατιστικά αποτελέσµατα της απογραφής του πληθυσµού της Ελλάδος της 15-16 Μαϊόυ 1928. I. Πραγµατικός καί νόµιµος πληθυσµός, Πρόσφυγες, Αθήναι 1933; Egé-état matrimonial – Instruction. Athènes, 1935, pp. 438-44. According to these official statistics, in the course of 1922 and later 538,595 persons moved to Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia, whereas before that, as mentioned in footnote 25, 107,748 persons, which is to say that, up to 1928, 640,343 colonists in all imigrated into Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia.

32 Most of the Moslem Macedonians were in the Meglen district while there were some in other districts as well. See Васил Кънчов, Избрани производения, Том II, София 1970, p. 331-346.

33 VERITAS, Македония поль иго 1919-1929. Документи и свидетелства. София 1931. The greatest nmnber of the 707 documents published in this volume refer to such kinds of pressure. This is also quoted in the above-mentioned work by André Wurfbain. See in: Archive of Macedonia, Macedonian National Committee Collection, Sofia.

34 See the documents mentioned in footnote 34. According to Les cahiers de droits de l’homme. No.24/25, 30.XI.1927, from 1 January 1919 104 persons were slain, there were 95 rapes, 26 of which were carried out on girls younger than 14, 3,464 people were imprisoned, 2,327 tortured and 1,165 families were robbed and forcibly banished.

35 See concerning the slaughter in Trlis: Rapport du Commandant Marcel de Roover et du Lt. Col. A. A. Corfe. Membres de la commission mixte nommes par le Conseil de la Societe des Nations relatif a l’émigration greco-bulgare sur les événements de 26 et 27 juillet 1924 dans la region de Tarlis, 1924, pp. XXXVII-XXXIX. See also Veritas, Македония поль иго…, pp. CLV-CLIX. Almost all the European newspapers wrote, at the end of July or the beginning of August 1924, of this cruel slaughter which caused a

great uproar throughout Europe. Much material on this is also to be found in the reports of the Avala News Agency of Belgrade and also in Southern Star (Južna Zvezda) which appeared in Bitola.

36 Македония поль иго..., Nos.217 & 223-8, pp. 128- 37. See also Southern Star (Juzna Zvezda), which was published in Bitola, of the same period.

37 Василъ Георгиевъ, Впечатления отъ Гръцка Македония, in manuscript form pp. 299-302. This ms. is held in the Institute of National History. This work gives the total number of all the Macedonians who emigrated to Bulgaria in accordance with the Neuilly Convention with neatly ordered documents for each village Their number amounts to 32,232 persons. The number of people who emigrated to the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was approximately the same in the above-mentioned period, and it is based on the author’s own research.

38 Archive of Macedonia, Macedonian National Committee Collection, Sofia. See esp. the report of the Macedonian Benevolent Brotherhood Committee, Sofia, 1926.

39 Veritas, Македония поль иго...; AM, Macedonian National Committee Fund...

40 AM, Macedonian National Committee Fund - Sofia; v. Ilinden of 1924 published in Sofia.

41 Ibid.

42 Ibid.

43 Ibid.

44 Ibid.

45 Quoted report of the National Committee of Macedonian Philanthropic Fraternities, Sofia, 1926.

46 Andre Wurfbain, op. cit., p. l06.

47 Lucien Cramer, Revue internationale de la Croix Rouge, VII, no. 83, Nov. 1925. See also Veritas, pp. 424-27.

48 AM, Macedonian National Committee Fund, Sofia; see also the quoted report of the National Committee of Macedonian Philanthropic Fraternities ...

49 See the quoted press of the period.

50 Д-р Вл. Руменовъ, Бъгарите въ Македония подъ Гръцка властъ. Отделен отпечаток од “Македонски прегледъ”, 1941, Sofia, p. 90. This number is obtained by adding the number of Macedonians who emigrated before the Neuilly Convention by means of “voluntary emigration” in 1919 according to the quoted table-list in the Moloff Collection and that of the around 33,000 Macedonians who emigrated after 1919 by virtue of the above-mentioned Convention.

51 In view of the fact that between 1928 and 1940 there was significant emigration from Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia, it can be stated with certainty that the increase from 1,408,784 inhabitants, as there were in Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia in 1928, to 1,759,130 in 1940 was due to natural increase. The Macedonian population, i.e. Macedonian settlements, represented the dominant figure in this birth-rate. For example, the following Macedonian villages had the following number of inhabitants in 1928: Zervi - 304, Cegan - 1,024, Mokreni - 924, Zagoričani - 890, German - 1,622, Banica - 1,995, Gorničevo - 1,093, etc. In 1940 the same villages had the following populations: Žervi - 457, Čegan -1,395, Mokreni - 1,133, Zagoričani - 1,247, German - 2,177, Banica - 2,450, Gorničevo - 1,577, etc, See: Πληθυσµός της Ελλάδος κατά την απογραφήν της 15-16 Μαϊόυ 1928. ∆ευτέρα Εκδοσις, Αθήναι 1935; Πληθυσµός της Ελλάδος κατά την απογραφήν της 16ης Οκτοβρίου 1940. Πραγµατικός πλιθυσµός κατά νοµούς, επαρχίας, πόλεις και χωρία. Athens 1950.

52 Στατιστικά αποτελέσµατα της απογραφής του πληθυσµού της Ελλάδος της 15-16 Μαϊόυ 1928. I. Πραγµατικός καί νόµιµος πληθυσµός, πρόσφυγες, Athens, 1933, pp. 225-444. These pages

give the number of emigrants by districts and settlements, whereby the exact number of emigrants and of the local population can be seen, See also Rumenov’s above-mentioned work pp. 90 & 92.

53 See the quoted population censuses in Greece of 1920, 1928 and 1940.

54 The volume Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia in the National Liberation War, I, ll, III & IV. These collections of documents are full of source materials on the various types of violence perpetrated upon the Macedonian population of Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia during the period in question.

55 The volume Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia in the National Liberation War, vol. II, Skopje, 1973, edited by Risto Kirjazovski and Todor Simovski.

56 Ibid.

57 Ibid.

58 Ibid.

59 lbid... See also the speeches by Tito of 7 July 1945 delivered in Kosmaj on the occasion of the fourth anniversary of the Serbian uprising and of 11 October 1945 delivered in Skopje on the occasion of the fourth anniversary of the Macedonian uprising. In these speeches Tito talks of the terror that the Greek monarcho-fascists were exercising upon Macedonians and Greek anti-fascists. See likewise the entire Yugoslav press of that period, esp. Nova Makedonija, Borba, Politika and Bilten, the publication of the Chief HQ of the NOF for Aegean (Greek occupied) Macedonia.