Front Matter - Part 05

(L) “gushcher”.

load – what is carried or to be carried

(D) “toar” as in “ima toar za magare i za kon” meaning “there is a load for a donkey and for a horse”.

(L) “tovar”.

loaf – quantity of bread baked alone

(D) “peshnik” as in “eden peshnik ľep” meaning “a loaf of bread”.

(L) “parche”, “vekna”, “somun”.

local – in regard to place (D) “tuashen” as in “ovoj e tuashen choek” meaning “this is a local person”.

(L) “mesten”, “lokalen”.

location – particular place (D) “mesto” as in “na koe mesto da te chekam?” meaning “at what location should I wait?” (L) “mesto”, “polozhaj”.

lock – mechanism for fastening door

(D) “kľuch” as in “klaj kľuch na vratata” meaning “place a lock on the door”.

(L) “brava”, “katanets”.

log – any large piece of wood (D) “trumbuk” as in “posechi go trumbuko” meaning “cut the log”.

(L) “dibek”, “trup”, “glup”.

lonely – lacking friends or company

(D) “sam” as in “toj e sam nema priateli” meaning “he is lonely, has no friends”.

(L) “osamen”, “pust”, “sam”.

long – measuring much from end to end

(D) “dlg” as in “pato ot tuka do tamo e dlg” meaning “the road from here to there is long”.

(L) “dolg”.

look – use one’s sight (D) “puľi” as in “puľi tamo dolu” meaning “look down there”.

(L) “gleda”.

lord – master or ruler (D) “gospodin” as in “zdravo gospodin Filipe” meaning “greetings lord Philip”.

(L) “gospodin”, “gospodar”,

“lord”.

lost – unable to find (D) “zaginat” as in “toj e zaginat vo sfeto” meaning “he is lost in the world”.

(L) “izguben”.

loud – strongly audible (D) “visok glas” as in “ne vikaj so visok glas” meaning “don’t yell so loud”.

(L) “glasen”.

love – deep affection (D) “ľubov” as in “tie se padnati vo ľubov” meaning “they have fallen in love”.

(L) “ljubov”.

low – not high or tall (D) “nisko” as in “vrapcheto lita nisko” meaning “the bird is flying low”.

(L) “nizok”.

lower – reduce height (D) “po nisko” as in “ne mozhi da odi po nisko” meaning “it can’t go any lower”.

(L) “ponizhuva”.

luck – good fortune

(D) “ksmet” as in “toj sho kjari parata ke ima aren ksmet” meaning “he who won the coin will have good luck”.

(L) “srekja”, “sluchaj”.

lunch – midday meal

(D) “ruchok” as in “aide da jajme ruchok” meaning “let’s eat lunch”.

(L) “ruchek”.

M mad - insane

(D) “lut” as in “toj e lut” meaning “he is mad”

(L) “lud”, “besen”.

made – built or formed (D) “praen” as in “praen vo Makedonija” meaning “made in Macedonia”.

(L) “formiran”, “praven”,

“projsvoden”.

magpie – kind of crow with black and white plumage (D) “strachka” as in “strachkata pupa” meaning “the magpie pecks”.

(L) “strachka”.

majority – greater number or part

(D) “pogolem broj” as in “pogolem broj ot ľugeto sake da si ode doma” meaning “the majority of the people want to go home”.

(L) “pogolem broj”.

make – construct, create (D) “praj” as in “kazhimi, sho praj toj?” meaning “tell me, what is he making?”.

(L) “pravi”.

male – of the sex that can perform the fertilizing for begetting offspring

(D) “mshko” as in “kucheto e mshko” meaning “the dog is male”.

(L) “mashki”.

man – adult human male (D) “msh” as in “toj e visok msh” meaning “he is a tall man”.

(L) “chovek”, “mazh”, “soprug”.

manure – dung, fertilizer (D) “gnoj” as in “gnoj ot oftsi” meaning “sheep manure”.

(L) “gjubre”, “gnoj”.

many – greater in number (D) “mnogu” as in “ima mnogu Oshchimtsi vo Toronto” meaning “there are many Oshchimians in Toronto”.

(L) “mnozinstvo”, “mnogu”.

map – diagram of landscape (D) “karta” as in “karta ot Makedonija” meaning “map of Macedonia”.

(L) “mapa”, “geografska karta” maraschino cherry

(D) “vishna cheresha” as in “ima vishni chereshi vo Oshchima” meaning “there are maraschino cherries in Oshchima”.

marble – kind of limestone (D) “mermer” as in “skalata e praena od mermer” meaning “the stairs are made from marble”.

(L) “mermer”, “mramor”.

mare – female of equine (horse)

(D) “kobila” as in “zhentski kon se vika kobila” meaning “a female horse is called a mare”.

(L) “kobila”.

mark – stain, spot or other visible sign

(D) “beleg” as in “ofcharo mu klaa beleg na oftsite” meaning “the shepherd has placed a mark on his sheep”.

(L) “znak”, “beleg”.

market – gathering of people for the purpose of purchasing and selling

(D) “pazar” as in “vo pazaro se prodae mnogu raboti” meaning “in the market are sold many things”.

(L) “pazar”.

marriage – man and woman legally united for the purpose of living together

(D) “venchanje” as in “mladite se gotoj za venchanje” meaning “the young are ready for marriage”.

(L) “zhenodba”, “brak”,

“svadba”.

martin – bird of swallow family (D) “lastojchka” as in “lastojchkite grede na prolet” meaning “the martins arrive in the spring”.

(L) “lasitsa”.

mast – long upright post (D) “stedzher” as in “stedzhero e vo strede na gumnoto” meaning “the mast is in the center of the threshing field”.

(L) “jarbol”, “zhir”.

mat – piece of material for floor covering

(D) “rogozna” as in “postelia rogoznata na zema” meaning “lay the mat on the ground”.

(L) “ruguzina”.

mayor – head of council (D) “kodzhobashija” as in “kodzhobashijata e odgovoren za seloto” meaning “the mayor is responsible for the village”.

(L) “pretsedatel na opshtina”.

meadow – piece of grassland (D) “ľivada” as in “vo ľivadata rasti treva” meaning “in the meadow grows grass”.

(L) “livada”.

meal – occasion when food is eaten

(D) “jadenje” as in “majka praj jadenje” meaning “mother is making a meal”.

(L) “jadenje”.

measure – size and quantity found by measuring

(D) “meri” as in “merio, kolku dlgo e?” meaning “measure it, how long is it?”.

(L) “mera”, “merilo”.

meat – animal flesh as food (D) “meso” as in “krtuli so meso” meaning “potatoes with meat”.

(L) “meso”.

medicine – art of restoring and preserving health

(D) “ľek” as in “ľek za arno zdravije” meaning “medicine for good health”.

(L) “lek”, “meditsina”.

meet – come into the company of

(D) “se streti” as in “ke se streti so priatelite” meaning “he will meet with his friends”.

(L) “se stekjuva”.

melon – sweet fruit of various gourds

(D) “pepon” as in “peponi raste vo Voden” meaning “melons grow in Voden”.

(L) “dinija”.

member – person belonging to a society or group

(D) “chkľen” as in “jas si chkľen vo mnogu drushtva” meaning “I am a member of many organizations”.

(L) “chlen”.

memorize – learn by heart (D) “pametfaj” as in “pametfaj sho te nauku” meaning “memorize what I taught you”.

(L) “pameti”.

memory – faculty by which things are recalled

(D) “pamet” as in “ti imash aren pamet” meaning “you have good memory”.

(L) “pamet”.

mention – refer to briefly (D) “spomena” as in “spomeni mi da ne zaboraa” meaning “mention to me so I will not forget”.

(L) “spomnuva”.

mess – dirty or untidy state of things

(D) “brkan” as in “abre sho si taka brkan?” meaning “ah why are you in a mess like that?”

(L) “brkotija”.

message - communication (D) “poraka” as in “imash poraka od daskalo” meaning “you have a message from the teacher”.

(L) “vest”, “poraka”, “naredba”.

middle – at equal distance from ends, in between

(D) “streden” as in “si streden megu golemjo brat i malata sestra” meaning “you are in the middle between your bigger brother and your small sister”.

(L) “sreden”.

midnight – 12 o’clock at night (D) “polnosh” as in “e temnitsa na polnosh” meaning “it’s dark at midnight”.

(L) “polnokj”.

midsummer – 24 of June (D) “stredeľeto” as in “e nogu toplo vo stredeľeto” meaning “it’s very warn in midsummer”.

milk – fluid secreted by female mammals

(D) “mľeko” as in “mľeko od oftsa” meaning “sheep’s milk”.

(L) “mleko”.

mill – machine for grinding grains

(D) “vodentsa” as in “vo vodentsata se meľi brashno” meaning “in the mill flour is ground”.

(L) “vodenitsa”, “fabrika”.

mind – seat of consciousness (D) “um” as in “umo e za misľenje i pametvanje” meaning “the mind is for thinking and remembering”.

(L) “um”, “pamet”, “mislenje”.

mine – belongs to me

(D) “moe” as in “toa e moe” meaning “that is mine”.

(L) “moj”.

mimimum – least amount possible

(D) “najmalo” as in “dva komati e najmalo sho se prodaa” meaning “two pieces is the minimum sold”.

(L) “najmalo”.

mink – small stoatlike animal (D) “kunatka” as in “zhenata ima kozheno palto ot kunatka” meaning “the woman has a mink fur coat”.

(L) “vizon”.

minority – smaller number of part

(D) “malchenstvo” as in “ima Makedontsko malchestvo vo Kanada” meaning “there is a Macedonian minority in Canada”.

(L) “maltsinstvo”.

mirror – looking glass (D) “oglendalo” as in “vidise vo oglendaloto” meaning “look at yourself in the mirror”.

(L) “ogledalo”.

mist – water vapour near ground in small droplets

(D) “rosa” as in “noshiata padva rosa” meaning “mist falls during the night”.

(L) “magla”.

mistake – incorrect idea or opinion

(D) “greshka” as in “napraj greshka” meaning “I made a mistake”.

(L) “greshka”.

mistrust – be suspicious of (D) “nema doverba” as in “toj nema doverba na tebe” meaning

“he mistrusts you”.

(L) “nedoverba”, “somnenje”.

misunderstand – understand in wrong sense

(D) “zgreshno razbra” as in “zgreshno razbra sho me reche” meaning “I misunderstood what you told me”.

(L) “pogreshno razbira”.

mix – more substances put together

(D) “se mesha” as in “maslo ne se mesha so voda” meaning “oil doesn’t mix with water”.

(L) “se mesha”.

moan – long murmur expressing discomfort

(D) “steni” as in “steni zash go boli mejo” meaning “he moans because his belly aches”.

(L) “stenka”.

moisture – liquid diffused in small quantities

(D) “vlaga” as in “se izvodenae, mu vleze vlaga” meaning “they become wet, moisture got into them”.

(L) “vlaga”, “vlazhnost”.

molar – back teeth

(D) “ktnik” as in “ktniko me boľi” meaning “my molar hurts”.

(L) “zab katnik”.

mole – small burrowing mammal (D) “krt” as in “krto rie pot zema” meaning “the mole digs underground”.

(L) “krtitsa”.

money - currency

(D) “pari”as in “raboti se kupfe so pari” meaning “things are bought with money”.

(L) “pari”.

monkey – member of primates (D) “majmun” an in “ima suriji majmuni vo Afrika” meaning “there are herds of monkeys in Africa”.

(L) “majmun”.

monster – large and frightening imaginary creature

(D) “dzver” as in “ima losh dzver pot kreveto” meaning “there is a mean monster under the bed”.

(L) “chudovishte”.

month – any of 12 periods of time forming a year

(D) “mesets” as in “ima dvanajse mesetsi vo godinata” meaning

“there are twelve months in a year”.

(L) “mesets”.

months – the twelve months of the year

(D) “Januari (Kolozheg), Fevruari (Sechko), Mart (Tsitar), Apriľ (Treven), Maj (Kosar), Juni (Zhetvar), Juľi (Zlatets), Avgust (Zhitar), Septemvri (Grozdober), Oktomvri (Ľistopad), Noemvri (Studen), Dekamvri (Snezhnik)”.

moon – the largest natural satellite orbiting the earth (D) “mesechina” as in “ovaa vecher mesechinata e plna” meaning “tonight the moon is full”.

(L) “mesechina”.

more – greater in quantity or degree

(D) “pojke” as in “dajmi pojke” meaning “give me more”.

(L) “poveke”.

morning – early part of day (D) “utro” as in “sntseto ugrea na utro” meaning “the sun rises in the morning”.

(L) “utro”, “pretpladne”.

Moslem – of Islamic faith (D) “Musulman” as in “toj e Musulman ot Islamtskata vera” meaning “he is a Moslem from the Islamic faith”.

(L) “Musliman”.

mosquito - gnat

(D) “mushichka” as in “ima mnogu mushichki okolu drvata” meaning “there are many mosquitoes around the trees”.

(L) “komarets”.

most – greatest in quantity or degree

(D) “najveke” as in “jas te sakam najveke” meaning “I like you the most”.

(L) “najgolem del”.

mother – female parent (D) “majka” as in “site ime majka i tatko” meaning “everyone has a mother and father”.

(L) “majka”.

mould – furry growth of fungi (D) “muľia” as in “ľebo ima muľia” meaning “the bread has mould”.

(L) “muvla”.

mountain – large high natural elevation of earth

(D) “planina” as in “taa e visoka planina” meaning “that is a tall mountain”.

(L) “planina”.

mourn – feel deep sorrow (D) “zhaľi” as in “go zhaľi dedomu sho umre” meaning “he mourns his dead grandfather”.

(L) “zhali”, “oplakuva”.

mouse – small rodent

(D) “glufets” as in “glufetso se fati vo stapitsata” meaning “the mouse got caught in the trap”.

(L) “glushets”.

mousetrap – trap for catching mice

(D) “stapitsa” as in “stapitsata go fati glufetso” meaning “the trap caught the mouse”.

(L) “gluvcharnitsa”.

mouth – external orifice in head (D) “usta” as in “otforia ustata” meaning “open your mouth”.

(L) “usta”.

move – change position or posture

(D) “mrdni” as in “mrdnise da pominam” meaning “move so I can pass”.

(L) “menuvanje mesto”, “se dvizhi”, “poteg”.

much – existing in greater quantity

(D) “mnogu”as in “ima usche mnogu da se napraj” meaning “there is much more to do”.

(L) “mnogu”, “moshne”.

mud – wet soft earth

(D) “kal” as in “imash kal nat cheľite” meaning “you have mud on your shoes”.

(L) “kal”.

mule – an offspring of horse and donkey

(D) “mska” as in “mskata e rodena od kon i magare” meaning “the mule is born of horse and donkey”.

(L) “mule”, “mazga”.

multiply – increase in number (D) “mnozhi” as in “se mnozhe, ot dva se prae chetiri” meaning “they multiply, from two they become four”.

(L) “mnozhi”.

mushroom – edible fungus (D) “pechurka” as in “site pechurki ne se jade” meaning “all mushrooms are not edible”.

(L) “pechurka”.

must – expressing obligation (D) “treba” as in “treba da si oda doma” meaning “I must go home”.

(L) “mora”.

mute - silent

(D) “nem” as in “toj e nem nemozhi da zborva” meaning “he is mute he can’t speak”.

(L) “nem”.

N nail – horny covering of upper surface of finger or toe (D) “noft” as in “imam deset prsti so nofti” meaning “I have ten fingers with nails”.

(L) “nokt”.

nail – small metal spike (D) “shajka” as in “zakoj edna shajka” meaning “nail a nail”.

(L) “klinets”.

naked – nude, unclothed (D) “gol” as in “ne baraj gol, ke te fati stut” meaning “don’t walk around naked, you will catch a cold”.

(L) “gol”.

name – individual or thing called by

(D) “ime” as in “sho tie imeto?” meaning “what is your name?”.

(L) “ime”.

nap – short period of light sleep (D) “dremka” as in “me fati dremka” meaning “I caught a nap”.

(L) “kratok son”, “dremenje”.

narrow – of small width (D) “tesen” as in “sokako e tesen” meaning “the street is narrow”.

(L) “tesen”, “mal”.

near – to or at or within a short space or time

(D) “bľizu” as in “sedi bľizu do mene” meaning “stand near me”.

(L) “blizok”, “intimen”.

neck – part of body connecting head with shoulders

(D) “til” as in “tilo e megu glaata i ramenata” meaning “the neck is between the head and shoulders”.

(L) “vrat”.

need – requirement or want (D) “treba” as in “dajmi go mi treba” meaning “give it to me I need it”.

(L) “nuzhba”, “potreba”.

needle – long slender piece of polished steel pointed at one end with an eye on the other (D) “igla” an in “iglata e za krpenje” meaning “the needle is for sewing”.

(L) “igla”.

neighbour – person who lives next door or nearby

(D) “komshia” as in “toj mi e komshia” meaning “he is my neighbour”.

(L) “sosedstvo”.

neither – not either

(D) “nito” as in “nito eden” meaning “neither one”.

(L) “nitu eden”.

nephew – one’s brother’s or sister’s son

(D) “mnuk” as in “toj mi e mnuk ot brat” meaning “he is my nephew from my brother”.

(L) “vnuk”.

net – meshed fabric

(D) “mrezha” as in “mrezhata e za fatfanje ribi” meaning “the net is for catching fish”.

(L) “mrezha”.

nettle – plant covered with stinging hairs

(D) “koprija” as in “zelnik so kopriji” meaning “zelnik with nettles”.

(L) “kopriva”.

never – at no time

(D) “nikojpat” as in “nikojpat ne ti reku takfo neshcho” meaning “I never told you such a thing”.

(L) “nikogash”.

new – of recent

(D) “nov” as in “denes kupi nova kniga” meaning “today I bought a new book”.

(L) “nov”.

news – information about recent events

(D) “novini” as in “dobri novini” meaning “good news”.

(L) “novini”.

next – nearest in order or time (D) “potoj” as in “potoj si ti” meaning “you are next”.

(L) “sleden”, “iden”, “potoa”.

niece – brother’s or sister’s daughter

(D) “mnuka” as in “taa mi e mnuka ot sestra” meaning “she is my niece from my sister”.

(L) “vnuka”.

night – period of darkness between one day and the next (D) “noshja” as in “po mrak gredi noshja” meaning “after dusk comes night”.

(L) “nokj”, “mrak”.

no – as negative answer to question

(D) “ne” as in “odgovoro mi e ne!” meaning “my answer is no!”

(L) “ne”.

nobody – no person

(D) “nikoj” as in “nikoj ne e doma” meaning “nobody is home”.

(L) “nikoj”.

none – not any

(D) “nikoj” as in “nikoj ne dojde na pazar” meaning “none came to the market”.

(L) “nieden”, “nikoj”.

noon – mid day

(D) “pladne” as in “ke se vime po pladne” meaning “see you in the afternoon”.

(L) “pladne”.

north – opposite of south (D) “sever” as in “sever, istok, zapat i jug” meaning “north, east, west and south”.

(L) “sever”.

not – expressing negation (D) “ne” as in “ne jas” meaning

“not I”.

(L) “ne”, “ni”.

nothing – no thing

(D) “nishcho” as in “ne sakam nishcho” meaning “I want nothing”.

(L) “nishto”.

now – at the present time (D) “sega” as in “go sakam sega” meaning “I want it now”.

(L) “sega”.

nowhere – in or to no place (D) “nikade” as in “ne mozhish da go nash nikade” meaning “you will find it nowhere”.

(L) “nigde”.

nude - naked

(D) “gol” as in “ne baraj gol ke te fati stut” meaning “don’t walk around naked you will catch cold”.

(L) “gol”.

number – count, sum, or aggregate of persons or things (D) “broj” as in “sho broj imash?” meaning “what number do you have?”

(L) “broj”.

numbers – various numbers as described

(D) “1=eden, edno, 2=dva, dve, 3=tri, 4=chetiri, 5=pet, 6=shes, 7=sedom, 8=osom, 9=devet, 10=deset, 11=edinajse, 12=dvanajse, 13=trinajse, 14=chetirnajse, 15=petnaise, 16=sheshnajse, 17=sedomnajse, 18=osomnajse, 19=devetnajse, 20=dvajse, 21=dvaise i eden, 30=triese, 40=chetiriese,

50=peese, 60=sheese,

70=sedomdese, 80=osomdese,

90=deveese, 100=sto,

200=dveste, 300=trista, 400=chetiri stotini, 500=pet stotini, 1000=iljada, 2000=dve iljadi”.

O oak – forest tree with hard wood (D) “dmb” as in “pot dmbo ima zhirije” meaning “under the oak are acorns”.

(L) “dab”.

oath – solemn declaration (D) “kľetva” as in “ke zevam kľetva” meaning “I will take an oath”.

(L) “zakletva”.

occupation – profession or employment

(D) “zanaat” as in “vo kakov zanaat rabotash?” meaning “in what kind of occupation do you work?”

(L) “zanimanje”.

odour – smell or fragrance (D) “merizmo” as in “sho e toa merismo?” meaning “what is that odour?”

(L) “miris”, “aroma”.

of – expressing origin or cause (D) “ot” as in “ot koja familija si ti?” meaning “of what family are you?”

(L) “od”, “za”, “po”.

offer – present for acceptance (D) “daa” as in “ti daa dobar pazar” meaning “he is offering you a good deal”.

(L) “nudi”, “predlaga”, “dava”.

oil – any of various thick, viscous inflammable liquids insoluable in water

(D) “maslo” as in “maslo se praj ot masľinki” meaning “oil is made from olives”.

(L) “zejtin”, “nafta”.

ok – all right

(D) “dobro” as in “dobro togaa, sfe e vo ret” meaning “ok then, everything is in order”.

(L) “tochno”, “dobro”, “vo red”.

old – advanced in age (D) “star” as in “toj e star choek” meaning “he is an old person”.

(L) “star”.

olive – small oval hard-stoned fruit

(D) “masľinka” as in “ot masľinki se praj maslo” meaning “oil is made from olives”.

(L) “maslinka”.

once – on one occasion only (D) “ednash” as in “samo ednash” meaning “only once”.

(L) “ednash”, “nekogash”.

one - single

(D) “edno” as in “edno, dve, tri” meaning “one, two, three”.

(L) “eden”, “broj eden”, “nekoj”.

onion – vegetable with edible bulb and pungent smell (D) “kromit” as in “baba przhi meso so kromit” meaning “grandma is frying meat with onions”.

(L) “luk”.

only – existing alone (D) “samo” as in “samo eden” meaning “only one”.

(L) “edinstven”, “edinets”,

“samo”.

open – not closed or locked (D) “otforen” as in “dukjano e otforen” meaning “the store is open”.

(L) “chistina”, “otvoren”.

opinion – what one thinks about something

(D) “misľenje” as in “toa e moe misľenje” meaning “that is my opinion”.

(L) “mislenje”.

oppose – place in opposition (D) “protif” as in “toj e protif ideata” meaning “he opposes the idea”.

(L) “e protiv”, “sprotivstavuva”.

or – introducing alternative (D) “eli” as in “eden eli dva?” meaning “one or two?”

(L) “ili”, “inaku”.

orange – reddish yellow juicy citrus fruit

(D) “portokal” as in “portokalite raste vo Florida” meaning “the oranges grow in Florida”.

(L) “portokal.” orchard – land planted with fruit trees

(D) “bashcha” as in “bashcha plna so jabolka” meaning “an orchard full of apple trees”.

(L) “rasadnik”, “ovoshtarnik”.

order – state of regular arrangement

(D) “ret” as in “sfe e vo ret” meaning “everything is in order”.

(L) “red”, “naredba”.

orphan – child with dead parents (D) “sirache” as in “deteto e sirache” meaning “the boy is an orphan”.

(L) “sirache”.

other – not the same as one

(D) “drugo” as in “ne toa, drugoto” meaning “not that one, the other one”.

(L) “drugiot”, “inakov”.

our – belonging to us (D) “nash” meaning “toa e nashe kuche” meaning “that is our dog”.

(L) “nash”.

out – not at home

(D) “nadvor” as in “izlezi nadvor” meaning “come out”.

(L) “nadvor”, “izlezen”.

outside – external side or surface (D) “nadvor” as in “ke oda nadvor” meaning “I am going outside”.

(L) “nadvor”.

over – above and beyond (D) “preku” as in “ke oda preku planina” meaning “I will go over the mountain”.

(L) “preku”, “nad”.

overcast - cloudy

(D) “soblachno” as in “denes neboto e soblachno” meaning “today the sky is overcast”.

(L) “naoblachen”, “temen”.

overflow – flow over

(D) “prebľikna” as in “kotleto prebľikna” meaning “the kettle overflowed”.

(L) “preplavuva”.

overnight – during the course of the night

(D) “preku vecher” as in “ke dojda doma preku vecher” meaning “I will come home overnight”.

(L) “prekunokj”, “snoshchi”.

oversleep – sleep beyond intended time

(D) “prespa” as in “trebashe da stana rano ama prespa” meaning “I needed to wake up early but I overslept”.

(L) “prespiva”.

owl – nocturnal bird of prey (D) “buf” as in “bufo lita noshjata” meaning “the owl flies at night”.

(L) “buf”.

owner - possessor

(D) “stopan” as in “toj e stopano na kukjata” meaning “he is the owner of the house”.

(L) “sopstvenik”.

ox – large horned animal (D) “vol” as in “dva voloi prae dzegvar” meaning “two oxen make a pair”.

(L) “vol”.

P page – leaf of book

(D) “strna” as in “na sedom strna” meaning “on page seven”.

(L) “strana”.

pain – suffering or distress of body

(D) “boľea” as in “imam boľea vo nogata” meaning “I have pain in my leg”.

(L) “bol”, “maka”, “stradanje”.

pale – whitish or ashen appearance

(D) “obeľen” as in “obeľen si vo litseto” meaning “you are pale in the face”.

(L) “temnee”.

pan – wide vessel used for cooking

(D) “tigan” as in “baba przhi ribi vo tigano” meaning “grandma is frying fish in the pan”.

(L) “tava”.

paper – thin sheets made from pulp of wood

(D) “kniga” as in “dajmi kniga da pisha pismo” meaning “give me paper to write a letter”.

(L) “hartija”.

parent – father or mother (D) “majka i tatko” as in “imam majka i tatko” meaning “I have parents (mother and father)”.

(L) “roditel”.

part – some but not all (D) “del” as in “toj e moj del” meaning “that’s my part”.

(L) “del”, “kraj”.

partner – one who shares or takes part with other in business or sport

(D) “ortak” as in “ovoj mi e ortak” meaning “this is my partner”.

(L) “ortak”, “partner”.

pass – move onward

(D) “pomina” as in “sho imashe pomina” meaning “what you had has passed”.

(L) “premin”.

past – gone by in time

(D) “pominato” as in

“pominatoto” meaning “the past”.

(L) “minato”.

pastry – dough of flower, fat and water

(D) “zelnik (with greens, onions or leeks), vialnik (twisted in a spiral with sugar or honey), mľechnik (with milk and eggs), burek (with feta cheese and eggs), maznik (with butter)”.

pasture – land suitable for grazing

(D) “mesto za pasenje” as in “toe e ubao mesto za pasenje oftsi” meaning “that is a good pasture for sheep”.

(L) “pasishte”.

path – way or track laid down for walking

(D) “pt” as in “ovoj pt vlegva vo ormano” meaning “this path leads into the forest”.

(L) “pateka”.

pavement – paved surface or path

(D) “kaldarma” as in “pt stisan so kaldarma” meaning “paved road”.

(L) “plochnik”, “kaldrma”.

pay – hand over money to discharge debt

(D) “plati” as in “plati mi sho mi bordzhish” meaning “pay me what you owe me”.

(L) “plata”.

peace – quiet, tranquility, freedom from war

(D) “mir” as in “mir e po dobar ot boj” meaning “peace is better than war”.

(L) “mir”.

peach – yellowish-reddish round juicy fruit

(D) “praska” as in “praskite ot Voden se naj ubaj” meaning “the peaches from Voden are the best”.

(L) “praska”.

peak – top of mountain or any edge

(D) “vr” as in “vr na planinata” meaning “the mountain peak”.

(L) “vrv”.

pear – yellowish-greenish fleshy fruit

(D) “krusha” as in “krushata ima pet turlii krushi” meaning “the pear tree has five varieties of pears”.

(L) “krusha”.

pearl – smooth lustrous mass usually formed inside oyster (D) “biser” as in “Makedonija e biser Balkntski” meaning “Macedonia is the pearl of the Balkans”.

(L) “biser”.

peasant – worker on land (D) “seľiak” as in “toj seľjak e siroma” meaning “that peasant is poor”.

(L) “selanets”.

peck – nip or pick up with beak (D) “pupa” as in “kokoshkata pupa” meaning “the chicken pecks”.

(L) “kolva”.

pee - urinate

(D) “se mochka” as in “kucheto se mochka” meaning “the dog is peeing”.

peel – remove outer coating (D) “ľupi” as in “baba ľupi krtuli” meaning “grandma is peeling potatoes”.

(L) “lupi”.

penalty – punishment for breach of law

(D) “kazna” as in “ke te kazna” meaning “I will give you a penalty”.

(L) “kazna”, “globa”.

pencil – instrument for writing or drawing

(D) “moľif” as in “mi treba moľif da pisha” meaning “I need a pencil to write”.

(L) “moliv”.

people – persons

(D) “ľuge” as in “Oshchima ima troa ľuge” meaning “Oshchima has few people”.

(L) “narod”, “lugje”.

pepper – pungent aromatic condiment

(D) “piper” as in “tsrven eli tsrn piper?” meaning “red or black pepper?”.

(L) “piper”.

permission - consent

(D) “pravo” as in “ti daam pravo” meaning “I give you permission”.

(L) “dozvola”.

pick - select

(D) “odberi” as in “odberisi kolku sakash” meaning “pick for yourself as many as you want”.

(L) “ubor”.

pick – tool used for digging (D) “kopachka” as in “kopa endek so kopachka” meaning “digging a ditch with a pick”.

(L) “kopachka”.

piece – detached portion (D) “komat” as in “eden komat za tebe i eden za mene” meaning “a piece for you and one for me”.

(L) “parche”.

pig - pork

(D) “bishe” as in “meso od bishe eli bishkoo meso” meaning “meat of pork or pork meat”.

(L) “prase”.

pigeon – bird of dove family (D) “gulap” as in “dif gulap” meaning “wild pigeon”.

(L) “gulab”.

pile – heap of things (D) “kup” as in “eden kup pari” meaning “a pile of money”.

(L) “tolpa”, “klada”.

pimple – small hard inflamed spot on skin

(D) “boľche” as in “imash boľche na noso” meaning “you have a pimple on your nose”.

(L) “prisht”.

pin - needle

(D) “igľe” as in “zakopsajo so igľe” meaning “tie it with a pin”.

(L) “igla”.

pinch – squeeze tightly between two surfaces

(D) “shchipni” as in “shchipni mu go noso” meaning “pinch his nose”.

(L) “shtipe”.

pipe - tube

(D) “kjung” as in “voda techi ot kjungo” meaning “water is dripping from the pipe”.

(L) “tsevka”, “lule”.

piss - urinate

(D) “mochkaj” as in “mochkaj moch” meaning “piss urine”.

place – particular part of space (D) “mesto” as in “toa e moe mesto” meaning “that’s my place”.

(L) “mesto”.

plank – long flat piece of timber (D) “shchitsa” as in “shchitsi se prae ot drvo” meaning “planks are made of wood”.

(L) “shtitsa”.

plant – to place seeds in soil

(D) “sadi” as in “sadi seme” meaning “plant seeds”.

(L) “sadi”.

plate – shallow circular vessel from which food is eaten (D) “plaa” as in “klaj mi jadenje vo plaata” meaning “put food in my plate”.

play – occupy or amuse oneself, game

(D) “igra” as in “deteto si igra igrachki” meaning “the boy is playing games”.

(L) “igra”.

pliers - pincers

(D) “kľeshchi” as in “drzhi go so kľeshchite” meaning “hold it with the pliers”.

(L) “kleshta”.

plough – implement for turning soil

(D) “plug” as in “oraj so plug” meaning “till with a plough”.

(L) “plug”.

pocket – small bag sewn onto clothing

(D) “dzhep” as in “sho imash vo dzhepo?” meaning “what do you have in the pocket?”.

(L) “dzheb”.

poison – substance when eaten causes death

(D) “farmak” as in “go otruja so farmak” meaning “they poisoned him with poison”.

(L) “otrov”.

poor – lacking wealth or money (D) “siroma” as in “toj sho nema pari e siroma” meaning “he who has no money is poor”.

(L) “siromashen”.

poplar – tall slender tree (D) “topola” as in “topolata rasti visoko” meaning “the poplar grows high”.

(L) “topola”.

pork – of pig used for food (D) “bishkoo meso” as in “lukantsi se prae so bishkoo meso” meaning “sausages are made with pork”.

(L) “svinsko meso”.

portion – part or share (D) “del” as in “dajmi eden maľetski del” meaning “give me a small portion”.

(L) “del”.

possible – capable of (D) “mozhi” as in “dali se mozhi?” meaning “is it possible?”.

(L) “mozhen”.

pot – rounded vessel for cooking (D) “tendzhere” as in “vo tendzhereto se vare krtuľi i vo grneto se vari gra” meaning “in the pot are boiling potatoes and in the earthware pot are boiling beans”.

(L) “lonets”, “grne”,

“tendzhere”.

potato – plant with starchy tubers

(D) “krtuľ” as in “krtuľite se jade vareni, pecheni i przheni” meaning “potatoes are eaten boiled, baked and fried”.

(L) “kompir”.

powder – mass of fine dry particles

(D) “pra” as in “ima pra po sekade” meaning “there is powder everywhere”.

(L) “prav”, “pudra”, “barut”.

power – vigour, energy (D) “sila” as in “toj sho e vo sila e tsar” meaning “he who is in power is king”.

(L) “sila”.

pray - worship

(D) “moľi” as in “se moľi na Gospo” meaning “is praying to God”.

(L) “moli”.

pregnant – with child before birth

(D) “trudna” as in “zhenata e trudna” meaning “the woman is pregnant”.

(L) “trudna”.

prepare – make or get ready (D) “zgotvi” as in “zgotvi jadenje” meaning “prepare food”.

(L) “prigotvuva”, “se sprema”.

present - gift

(D) “dar” as in “dajmi dar” meaning “give me a present”.

(L) “dar”, “podarok”.

pretty – attractive in a delicate way

(D) “ubaf” as in “taa e ubava” meaning “she is pretty”.

(L) “ubav”, “mil”.

prevent – stop from happening (D) “prechi” as in “ne go ostaaj da te prechi” meaning “don’t let him prevent you”.

(L) “prechi”, “sprechuva”.

price – amount it costs (D) “tsena” as in “sho e tsenata?” meaning “what is the price?”

(L) “tsena”.

priest – minister of church (D) “pop” as in “popo e vo tsrva” meaning “the priest is in church”.

(L) “sveshtenik”.

prison – place where one is kept in captivity

(D) “apsana” as in “go pushchia vo apsana” meaning “they sent him to prison”.

(L) “zatfor”, “apsana”.

problem – difficult matter requiring decision

(D) “prechka” as in “sho e prechkata?” meaning “what is the problem?”

(L) “problem”.

proof – establish fact (D) “dokazhi” as in “dokazhi, sho e vistinata?” meaning “give proof, what is the truth?”

(L) “dokaz”.

property – thing owned

(D) “stoka” as in “imam stoka vo Oshchima” meaning “I have property in Oshchima”.

(L) “imot”, “sopstvenishtvo”,

“svoina”.

protect – defend or keep safe (D) “chua” and “brani” as in “se chua od dozho” meaning “he is pretecting himself from the rain” and “go brani lozjeto od vraptsite” meaning “he is protecting the viniard from the birds”.

(L) “brani”, “zashtituva”.

proud – showing pride (D) “gord” as in “e gord so sinoj mu” meaning “he is proud of his sons”.

(L) “gord”.

prove – demonstrate to be true (D) “dokazhi” as in “dokazhi, e vistina eli ne?” meaning “prove it, is it the truth or not?” (L) “dokazhuva”, “uveruva”.

prune – trim by cutting branches (D) “rezhi” as in “rezhi go lozjeto” meaning “prune the vinyard”.

(L) “kastri”.

prune – dried plum

(D) “oshafka” as in “oshafka e suva sliva” meaning “a prune is a dried plum”.

(L) “suva sliva”.

public – concerning the people as a whole

(D) “narot” as in “ke te vida vo narodno mesto” meaning “I will see you in a public place”.

(L) “javnost”, “publika”,

“narod”.

puddle – small pool

(D) “vir” as in “chuajse da ne stpnish vo vir” meaning “watch out so you don’t step in a puddle”.

pull – move to oneself (D) “trni” as in “trni kamo tebe” meaning “pull towards yourself”.

(L) “vlechenje”.

pumpkin – large orange squash (D) “tikva” as in “baba praj zelkik so tikva” meaning “grandma is making zelnik with pumpkin”.

(L) “tikva”.

punch – strike with fist (D) “udri so tupantsa” as in “udrigo so tupantsa” meaning

“punch him”.

(L) “udar so tupantsa”.

punish – cause to suffer for offense

(D) “kazni” as in “kazni go” meaning “punish him”.

(L) “kaznuva”.

puppy – young dog

(D) “kutale” as in “tatko mi donese kutale” meaning “my father brought me a puppy”.

(L) “kuchentse”.

purchase - buy

(D) “kupi” as in “jas kupi palto” meaning “I purchased a coat”.

(L) “kupuva”.

pure - unmixed

(D) “chist” as in “chist miser” meaning “pure corn”.

(L) “chist”.

push – move it away from self (D) “turga” as in “toj turga kola” meaning “he is pushing a wagon”.

(L) “turka”.

put – move to specific place (D) “claj” as in “claj si gi cheľite” meaning “put on your shoes”.

(L) “stavi”.

Q quail – bird related to partridge (D) “jarembitsa” as in “jarembitsata lita nisko” meaning “the quail flies low”.

(L) “prepelitsa”.

quarter – one of four (D) “edno chetforto” as in “edno chetforto za mene” meaning “one quarter for me”.

(L) “chetfortina”.

queen – female sovereign (D) “tsaritsa” as in “Tsaritsa Elizabeta” meaning “Queen Elizabeth”.

(L) “kralitsa”.

quick – taking a short time to do, moving fast

(D) “brs” as in “toj e brs vo nodzite” means “he is quick on his feet”.

(L) “brz”.

quiet – with little or no sound (D) “mlchi” as in “mlchi ne zborvaj” meaning “quiet don’t talk”.

(L) “tishina”.

quit – give up

(D) “se ostaj” as in “se ostaj ot rabotata” meaning “he quit his job”.

(L) “napushta”.

R rabbit – mammal of hare family (D) “zaek” as in “zaeko skokna” meaning “the rabbit jumped”.

(L) “zajak”.

rabid – furious, raging, fanatical or affected by rabies (D) “besno” as in “trcha ko besno kuche” meaning “he is running like a rabid dog”.

(L) “besen”.

rabies – contagious virus disease of dogs

(D) “bes” as in “zbesna, go fati bes” meaning “became rabid, he caught rabies”.

(L) “besnilo”.

race – division of mankind (D) “ratsa” as in “ratsa e delenje na narodo” meaning “race is a divison of mankind”.

(L) “rasa”, “pleme”, “rod”.

race – contest of speed (D) “trcha” as in “taa ke se trcha so neo” meaning “she will race with him”.

(L) “trka”.

rag – torn or frayed piece of material

(D) “partal” as in “sho e toj partal sho go nosish?” meaning “what is that rag you are wearing?”

(L) “krpa”, “partal”.

rain – moisture falling in drops from the sky

(D) “dosh” as in “vrni dosh” meaning “rain is falling”.

(L) “dozhd”, “vrne”.

rainbow – arch of colours formed in sky

(D) “vinozhito” as in “vinozhitoto e prepno” meaning “the rainbow is pretty”.

(L) “vinozhito”.

raise – put or take into higher position

(D) “kreni” as in “kreni raka” meaning “raise your hand”.

(L) “kreva” raisin – partially dried grape (D) “stafida” as in “stafida e suvo grozje” meaning “raisins are dried grapes”.

(L) “suvo grozje”.

rake – tool with toothed cross-bar and long handle for drawing together hay

(D) “griblo” as in “seno se beri so griblo” meaning “hay is collected with a rake”.

(L) “greblo”.

ram – male sheep

(D) “oven” as in “oveno ima rogoj” meaning “the ram has horns”.

(L) “oven”.

rank – position in hierarchy (D) “chin” as in “sho ti e chino?” meaning “what is your rank?”

(L) “chin”, “klasa”, “katigorija”.

rape – forcible sexual intercourse

(D) “nasili” as in “toj ga nasili nea” meaning “he raped her”.

(L) “siliva”.

rash – eruption of spots on skin (D) “sipantsa” as in “ga fati sipantsa” meaning “she got a rash”.

(L) “isfrli”.

rat – large mouse

(D) “staor” as in “staoro se fati vo stapitsa” meaning “the rat got caught in a trap”.

(L) “staorets”.

raven – large crow

(D) “garvan” as in “garvano grachi” meaning “the raven crows”.

(L) “gavran”.

raw - uncooked

(D) “zhivo” as in “zhivo meso ne se jadi” meaning “can’t eat raw meat”.

(L) “surovo”.

razor – sharp instrument used for shaving

(D) “brich” as in “obrichia bradata so brich” meaning “shave your beard with a razor”.

(L) “brich”.

reach – stretch out or extend (D) “stigni” as in “stigni so rakata” meaning “reach with your hand”.

(L) “dostignuva”.

read – reproduce verbally the words in a book

(D) “pee” as in “deteto ga pee knigata” meaning “the boy is reading the book”.

(L) “chita”.

ready – with preparation complete

(D) “gotof” as in “gotof je da si odi doma” meaning “he is ready to go home”.

(L) “spremin”.

real – actually existing (D) “vistintski” as in “toj e vistintski priateľ” meaning “he is a real friend”.

(L) “vistinski”.

rear – back of anything (D) “dzadi” as in “dzadi vo gradinata” meaning “at rear in the garden”.

(L) “zaden”.

rebellion – open resistance to authority

(D) “vastanje” as in

“Makedontskoto vastanje” meaning “the Macedonian rebellion”.

(L) “vostanje”, “buna”.

receive – take or accept (D) “dobi” as in “dobi pismo” meaning “I received a letter”.

(L) “prima”, “dobiva”.

red – colour ranging from that of blood to pink

(D) “tsrven” as in “tsrveno tsveke” meaning “red flower”.

(L) “tsrven”.

reduce – make or become smaller

(D) “omaľe” as in “go omaľe kupo” meaning “he reduced the pile”.

(L) “smaluva”.

refuse – indicate unwillingness (D) “odbie” as in “se odbie, ne saka da go napraj” meaning “he refuses, does not want to do it”.

(L) “odbiva”, “ne prima”.

reject – refuse to accept (D) “otfrľi” as in “ga otfrľi ideata” meaning “he rejects the idea”.

(L) “odbiva”, “prekratuva”,

“otfrla”.

relative – person connected by blood or marriage

(D) “soj” as in “to mi e soj” meaning “he is my relative”.

(L) “rodnina”.

release – liberate, unfasten (D) “pushchi” as in “pushchi go” meaning “release him”.

(L) “osloboduvanje”, “pushta na sloboda”.

religion – belief in a personal God